<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Haiti<nl>Economy</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Overview:</hi> About 75% of the population live in abject poverty. Agriculture is mainly small-scale subsistence farming and employs nearly three-fourths of the work force. The majority of the population does not have ready access to safe drinking water, adequate medical care, or sufficient food. Few social assistance programs exist, and the lack of employment opportunities remains one of the most critical problems facing the economy, along with soil erosion and political instability. Trade sanctions applied by the Organization of American States in response to the September 1991 coup against President ARISTIDE have further damaged the economy. Output continued to drop in 1993 although not as sharply as in 1992.
<item><hi format=bold>National product:</hi> GDP—purchasing power equivalent—$5.2 billion (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product real growth rate:</hi> -13% (FY92 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product per capita:</hi> $800 (1993 est.)
<item>• <hi format=ital>revenues:</hi> $300 million
<item>• <hi format=ital>expenditures:</hi> $416 million, including capital expenditures of $145 million (1990 est.)
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<item><hi format=bold>Exports:</hi> $135 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
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<item>• <hi format=ital>commodities:</hi> light manufactures 65%, coffee 19%, other agriculture 8%, other 8%
<item>• <hi format=ital>partners:</hi> US 84%, Italy 4%, France 3%, other industrial countries 6%, less developed countries 3% (1987)
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<item><hi format=bold>Imports:</hi> $423 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
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<item>• <hi format=ital>commodities:</hi> machines and manufactures 34%, food and beverages 22%, petroleum products 14%, chemicals 10%, fats and oils 9%
<item>• <hi format=ital>partners:</hi> US 64%, Netherlands Antilles 5%, Japan 5%, France 4%, Canada 3%, Germany 3% (1987)
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<item><hi format=bold>External debt:</hi> $838 million (December 1990)
<item><hi format=bold>Industrial production:</hi> growth rate -2% (1991 est.); accounts for 15% of GDP
<item><hi format=bold>Electricity:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>capacity:</hi> 217,000 kW
<item>• <hi format=ital>production:</hi> 480 million kWh
<item>• <hi format=ital>consumption per capita:</hi> 75 kWh (1992)
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<item><hi format=bold>Industries:</hi> sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, tourism, light assembly industries based on imported parts
<item><hi format=bold>Agriculture:</hi> accounts for 28% of GDP and employs around 70% of work force; mostly small-scale subsistence farms; commercial crops—coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, wood; staple crops—rice, corn, sorghum; shortage of wheat flour
<item><hi format=bold>Illicit drugs:</hi> transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana en route to the US and Europe
<item><hi format=bold>Economic aid:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>recipient:</hi> US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $700 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $770 million
<item><hi format=bold>Exchange rates:</hi> gourdes (G) per US$1—12.00 (1 July 1993), 8.4 (December 1991), fixed rate of 5.000 through second quarter of 1991
<item><hi format=bold>Fiscal year:</hi> 1 October–30 September
